The Fourth of July has long been one of my favorite holidays. It stands at the center of summer, begs us to eat ice cream sandwiches, encourages us to take a break from worrying about our nation and instead celebrate its very being, and lures us into the humid streets at night to witness one of my favorite spectacles: fireworks. We wave flags and don our stars and stripes giving thanks for our freedom. After all, we are “America, Land of the Free,” right? Well, as it turns out… maybe not all that free.
The recent and radical defunding of education and a variety of social programs in Pennsylvania has turned my attention toward a topic I have rarely thought about: prison. As a generally law-abiding citizen and having no one in my life who is or was incarcerated, what is going on in and around the prison system was admittedly far from my mind. But when hundreds of millions of dollars were cut from programs I care about deeply, I went looking to find out where the money was going.
Pennsylvania’s well-oiled Republican governor, Tom Corbett, just allotted $685 million to expanding the prison system in my home state. My first thought was that it was a great idea since he just gutted public education and social programs for low-income families. Clearly, we’ll be needing the bed space! What I didn’t understand was why Pennsylvania, or any state for that matter, required so large an expansion in a nation that already leads the world in prison population.
The United States of America makes up only 5% of the world’s population, yet 25% of the world’s prisoners are incarcerated here. Since 1980 and the beginning of the “War on Drugs,” the prison population in the US has quadrupled, with 1 in 100 Americans behind bars by 2008 – even though the crime rate has decreased by more than 25% during the same span of years. So if there are fewer crimes, why are there more prisoners?
Harsher sentencing and increased mandatory minimums are certainly to blame. For example, a first-time offender caught possessing a small amount of marijuana, even without the intent to distribute, can wind up in jail for 1-2 years in most states. (A more reasonable penalty might be probation, some fines, a drug and alcohol class, and being put on a watch list.)
As prisons become more and more crowded, with everyone but the Wall Street and K Street crooks, prisons find themselves overrun, stretched to the limit on everything from budgets to bed sheets. Characteristic of American venture capitalism, someone sails in with the super-fix-it: privatize. Privatization is an attractive option to most state and federally run prisons because it appeals to the modern elected official: less work, more payout.
Like in most situations, privatizing a public responsibility creates serious problems. When things are that supposed to be done fairly and out of duty are turned into money-making enterprises, the quality and honesty of the project are immediately compromised. Privatized school districts fail. Privatized medicine kills us. And privatized prisons imprison us. Prisons can only make money if they are full; and the more prisoners there are, the more money can be made. This brought me around to my next question: How, aside from the obvious tax income, are prisons profiting from prisoners?
…Are you ready?…
Corporate America. Yup, those guys again. As it turns out, the prison-for-profit system is a two point earner for corporations. Prisons rent out prisoners in ever-increasing numbers to large corporations who employ these workers for wages that rival those of the sweatshop workers in third-world countries. The corporation pays a fee to the prison for access to the labor force. The more prisoners a prison hires-out, the more money it makes.
On the other end of the deal, corporations incur the fee, comparatively far smaller than managing overseas operations and shipping, and then pay a minor wage expense per prisoner. Though wages vary from contract to contract, the average prisoner wage starts at just $0.93 per day.
In some cases the prisoners are bussed daily to their job. In others, the prisoners work in facilities right at the prison. In either case, the corporations enjoy the benefit of a cheap labor force which is unable to unionize, can never call out, and can be severely reprimanded for any infraction. There are no legal limits to the number of hours prisoners can work in a day, and everything from attitude to productivity can be manipulated by punishment on the prison end of the relationship.
I said this was a two point earner, so where’s the second payout? The government. Corporations who hire “high risk” employees are given huge tax breaks. These breaks are paid out per employee, so it pays to hire large numbers of prisoners. Additionally, special programs are in place that refund corporations up to 40% of the pathetic wages they pay to those prisoners. The money they are paid back with is, of course, tax payer dollars. These incentives, originally intended to beef up return-to-work programs for prisoners upon release, have become one more way corporations are pillaging our national pocket. Not to mention, these incentives are encouraging the back-scratching between bottom-line corporate pigs and the next boom industry of for-profit prisons.
The business of prison-letting is not just a state affair. In fact, a congressionally established company for the leasing of workers from federal prisons, Unicor, has become a $2.4 billion a year enterprise and employs more people (prisoners) than any Fortune 500 company, excluding General Motors.
The high yielding tactic has been noticed in recent years by some of the well-recognized criminals of the corporate world like big oil and the military industrial complex. But some of the newer sharks at the frenzy might surprise you. Technology and textile companies, which have been widely criticized for their overseas operations, are bringing business stateside and fueling the inferno of prison expansion nationwide. Companies like AT&T, Motorola, Microsoft, Revlon, Macy’s, and Target, to name a few, are all on the list of prisoner-profiteers.
Now having all this information, the final question that can’t help but beg my attention is: where is this going? Well, it is hard to say. With funding shifting from education and social programs to prison expansion in Pennsylvania, among other states, and the political and corporate profiteers having found the next great exploit, it is predictable that the rate of incarceration will continue to increase in years to come. The frightening component for me is the suspension of habeas corpus. I can’t help but wonder what abuses will come careening down this slippery slope, and how those abuses will affect who and how Americans are imprisoned in the future. There is, sadly, nothing I put passed the government at this point, but these are questions presently without answers… only speculations.
What I can say is that the next time I’m picking out a sweater or a pair of tweezers and I see that “Made in America” stamp, I’ll think and feel very differently. For years, I sought it out. Now I’ll wonder if it implies anything honorable at all.
Want some references? No problem. Here’s some of the places I got my info.
http://hrcoalition.org/node/193
http://www.decarceratepa.info/
http://www.nonewprisons.org/prisons/
http://www.alternet.org/world/151732/21st-century_slaves:_how_corporations_exploit_prison_labor/?page=entire
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States
You must be logged in to post a comment.